using System;

class Program {
    // *** before: ***
    // a default value meant a family of overloads, each one forwarding to
    // the next, and every new parameter doubled the family
    static string ReportOld(string title) { return ReportOld(title, 10); }
    static string ReportOld(string title, int width) { return ReportOld(title,
                          width, '.'); }
    static string ReportOld(string title, int width, char fill) {
        return title.PadRight(width, fill);
    }

    // *** in version 4.0: ***
    static string Report(string title, int width = 10, char fill = '.') {
        return title.PadRight(width, fill);
    }

    static void Main() {
        Console.WriteLine(ReportOld("total"));
        Console.WriteLine(Report("total"));
        Console.WriteLine(Report("total", 15));
        Console.WriteLine(Report("total", 15, '-'));

        // a default has to be a constant, and the compiler writes it INTO
        // the call: changing it in a library reaches the caller only after
        // the caller itself is rebuilt
    }
}