# Empty dictionaryd1 = {}d2 = Hash.new # init with some datad3 = {1 => "one", 2 => "two"}d4 = Hash[1 => "one", 2 => "two"]# d4 is {'one': 1, 'two': 2}puts "d1 is #{d1}"puts "d2 is #{d2}"puts "d3 is #{d3}"puts "d4 is #{d4}"